Abstract:

Human beings are constantly interacting with systems surrounding them. These include personal computers, automobiles, and smart appliances, among many others. It is expected that in the near future there will be interactions with service robots in homes and offices. A great deal of efforts have been made into advancing this interaction using science and technology. The main goal is to make human interactions with systems not only effective and safe, but also enjoyable and entertaining. The objective of this paper is to provide a survey of the current research on such interactions, based on a taxonomy framework. The work presented in this paper embodies human–computer interactions, human–machine interactions, and human–robot interactions. The research undertakings are classified based on five criteria of: application, research approach, system autonomy, interaction distance, and interaction media. Multiple categories are provided in each classification and a large number of research efforts are presented in each category. Additionally, more than 150 cited references are listed in summary tables with respect to each classification category. This provides an easy reference guide for related works with certain characteristics. The advanced interactions discussed in this paper cover a wide range, including: tele-robots, virtual reality, user interfaces, bio-feedback, mobile robots, intelligent user interfaces, sport machines, medical technology, human–machine interfaces, entertainment, intelligent systems, computer input/output devices, human–computer interfaces, and multimedia.